R-1, R-2 and R-X zoning are types of residential zoning designations that tell you what kind of housing you’re allowed to build on a property. These labels come from city or county zoning codes, and while details vary by location, here’s the general meaning:
R-1 Zoning (Single-Family Residential)
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“R-1” = Residential, 1 unit per lot.
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Typically allows only one primary dwelling (a single-family home).
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Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs) and Junior ADUs (JADUs) are usually allowed by state law, even if the local R-1 zone would normally restrict additional homes.
R-2 Zoning (Duplex Residential)
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“R-2” = Residential, 2 units per lot.
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Allows a duplex (two primary homes) on a single parcel.
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With California’s ADU laws, you might be able to have:
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2 main units (duplex)
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1–2 ADUs (depending on lot size and city rules)
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